What Is a Laser Engraving Machine?

Laser engraving using a laser engraving machine creates permanent marks in a material so manufacturers and customers can easily identify and track the product. Manufacturers use laser engraving to create product identification numbers, barcodes and other marks on materials like metal, wood and plastics. These marks can withstand time and rugged use, making them ideal for industries like automotive manufacturing and medical device production.

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If you’re considering using laser engraving in your operations, it’s critical to understand how laser engraving machines work. Then you can select the equipment that best suits your needs.

What Is a Laser Engraving Machine?

A laser engraving machine is a piece of equipment that performs laser engraving, which is the process of engraving designs, letters or numbers on materials using a laser beam. These engraving machines use automation to achieve precise cuts and engravings on various materials, including metal, wood, glass and plastic. The essential parts of a laser engraving machine are the laser and the lenses, which create and concentrate a beam of light powerful enough to engrave the design.

There are many uses of a laser engraving machine. Laser engraving provides durable, long-lasting marks like:

• 2D data matrix codes
• Barcodes
• QR codes
• Logos

Types of Laser Engraving Machines

Many types of laser engraving machines are available. These engraving machines function differently, making them suited for various applications. The most common types of laser engraving machines are:

• Fiber laser markers: A fiber laser marker is a laser engraving machine that conducts electricity using glass fibers. A laser diode creates the light and moves it along a fiber-optic cable, where it gathers energy and changes shape to fit the application. Fiber laser markers make precise markings and are extremely powerful. Learn more in our blog post about what fiber laser markers do.
• Crystal lasers: Engraving machines with crystal lasers use garnet or vanadate crystals to change the beam’s characteristics and give it exceptionally high power. For example, vanadate laser markers provide improved beam quality and depth of focus over fiber laser markers.
• CO2 laser markers: This laser engraving machine directs the emitted light through glass tubes containing gases like carbon dioxide (CO2), helium, nitrogen and hydrogen. These CO2 laser marking machines bounce the light between two mirrors as it grows in intensity. CO2 laser markers are versatile machines and work well with materials like plastic and wood.
• UV laser markers: These laser engraving machines use ultraviolet (UV) light to mark materials using cold marking methods. Manufacturers can create minimal heat damage on organic materials and plastic with UV laser markers.

How Does Laser Engraving Work?

Laser engraving works by using a laser beam to focus a high amount of heat onto a surface to form a pattern. The super-focused laser uses concentrated heat to cut at a certain depth, removing the material’s top layer. Laser engraving machines are programmable to engrave the material with designs, including writing, numbers and patterns like logos. These markings are permanently imprinted into the material, making them durable even after harsh use.

This process owes its existence to recent advances in laser technology. The word laser is an acronym for light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation. Laser engraving machines repeatedly concentrate light beams until they reach the correct power level. The different types of laser engraving machines use varying methods to excite the electrons in the beam to generate high enough energy for the laser to cut the material. Using a laser for engraving requires three factors to operate correctly:

• Concentration: Laser engraving machines must focus the wavelengths of light very close together to increase the beam’s power. The process of concentration enables the light to focus on a single point.
• Energy: Once concentrated, the laser must gather enough energy to change the material’s surface from a solid to a gas, a process called sublimation. Sublimation requires extremely high temperatures to engrave the material, especially harder materials like metals.
• Direction: Finally, the laser engraving machine directs the beam’s course to mark letters, numbers and designs. The laser’s movement must be precisely controlled to ensure accuracy.

Laser engraving is ideal for improved product identification and tracking. Printed product labels are easily lost or damaged, and other forms of engraving, like handstamps, can be dangerous to operate. Laser engraving makes it easier to identify and track products by permanently marking the material with a durable design that’s human- and machine-readable.

Common Applications of a Laser Engraving Machine

Laser engraving machines are used in various applications and with different materials. From marking serial numbers on medical device parts to engraving certifications on an aerospace component, laser engraving is a highly versatile technique. Consider a few of the materials manufacturers can use laser engraving on during the production process:

• Aluminum: Laser engraving on aluminum is prevalent in the automotive and defense industries, where manufacturers must permanently mark various components for identification. You can use many laser engraving machines on aluminum, including fiber, UV and vanadate laser markers.
• Stainless steel: Any grade of stainless steel can be laser engraved. Various laser settings allow manufacturers to change the steel’s surface color without affecting the structural integrity. Fiber and UV laser markers are powerful enough for this material.
• Titanium: Titanium is a popular material in the aerospace and defense industry because it’s lightweight yet incredibly sturdy. Aircraft manufacturers use titanium to construct aircraft engines and frames. You can use nearly any laser engraving machine for titanium, from fiber laser markers to UV laser engraving machines.
• Glass: Using a laser engraving machine with glass can be a challenge since glass is a delicate material. It’s essential to use a laser engraving machine adequately suited to the task. A CO2 or UV laser marker works best with glass since these laser engraving machines operate at high speeds and prevent glass fracturing. You can carve designs on flat or curved glass workpieces using laser engraving.
• Wood: Another popular application is laser engraving on wood. Manufacturers should know that only CO2 laser markers are safe for wood since fiber lasers can pose a fire hazard and usually create uneven marks.
• Plastics: Many manufacturers also require permanent markings on plastic components, like parts made from acrylic and polyvinyl chloride (PVC). CO2 and UV laser markers are ideal for these applications because they prevent scratching.

What Is the Engraving Process on the Machines?

The laser engraving process is when the machine cuts a design into a material’s surface. Although this process can vary depending on the engraving machine, it follows a few general steps. Check out this overview of the laser engraving process to learn more about how these machines work:

1. The Operator Enters the Design

Before the laser engraving machine can engrave the material, the machine operator must enter a design into the control system. Laser engraving machines use automation and computer software to translate a design like a logo or a barcode into the laser’s movements across the material’s surface. Some laser engraving machines can store hundreds of designs, making it easier for manufacturers to achieve peak efficiency.

2. The Operator Places the Object

After the laser engraving machine receives the design, the operator must put the material in the right place for engraving. Often, smaller materials can go into the laser tray. Larger workpieces may require a larger surface. Many laser engraving machines can be integrated into the production line for easier engraving.

3. The Operator Finalizes the Settings

The operator ensures the final settings on the machine are correct for the material and desired engraving pattern. The laser must focus on the workpiece. Then the operator selects the desired engraving settings, including depth and beam power. These settings will depend on the material and the operator’s chosen pattern for the laser engraving.

4. The Machine Initiates the Laser

Once the operator finalizes the machine’s settings, the machine activates the laser using software to begin engraving. The laser passes over the material throughout the engraving process, carving deep marks with a high contrast that can remain legible even under harsh conditions.

5. The Material Undergoes Processing

After the laser completes the engraving, the operator removes the material from the machine for further processing. Sublimation creates residues like metal shards and soot after removing the top layer of the material. The material must be processed to clear this residue. Some applications might use shot blasting or heat treatment to eliminate irregularities.

How Long Does It Take to Laser Engrave?

The time it takes to laser engrave depends on the material and the engraving size. The process of engraving can happen quickly. Laser engraving machines are extremely powerful and can concentrate a beam and make a cut into the material within a few seconds.

However, larger applications or harder materials might require a bit more time. Very complicated design can take as long as several minutes, depending on the engraving design, material and laser’s power. Using a higher power laser might help an engraving project go faster.

A project’s details can also affect the time it takes to laser engrave a material. If a laser engraving machine is integrated into a production line, it may be able to complete designs faster than if switching between multiple designs for different projects. Yet sometimes, unique laser engraving projects demand a unique solution. Creating a customized laser engraving machine can help you complete your projects faster and more efficiently.

Will an Engraving Wear Off?

A laser engraving will not wear off because this type of marking is a permanent cut into the material’s surface. Whereas other types of markings are merely printed on a material’s surface, laser engraving carves into the surface by removing the material’s top layer through sublimation.

Laser engraving has become so popular with manufacturers because of its permanence. Removing a laser engraving would require significant damage to the material, such as cutting the part off, sanding it down or searing it to erase the engraving. Laser engravings can endure harsh conditions, making them durable even in demanding environments.

In contrast, other product marking methods, like printed labels, can become unreadable. Ink smears and the cost of consumables like ink and paper can accumulate. Laser engraving offers benefits like permanent traceability and eliminates consumables. Making the switch from inkjet labels to laser engraving is an excellent way to ensure product identification numbers, QR codes and other markings are always legible.

Using laser engraving on the material’s surface also helps prevent counterfeiting. Laser engraving is tamper-resistant since erasing or removing the engraving would require damage to the material. The best way to ensure a laser engraving remains permanently is to use the right laser engraving machine for the material.

What Do You Need for Laser Engraving?

You need a few critical items before you can begin laser engraving projects. Here are the top things you need, whether you’re manufacturing many automotive parts or completing small-scale laser engraving projects:

1. A Laser Engraving Machine

The type of engraving machine that will work best for your application depends on several factors:

• The scale of your operation: Industrial laser engraving machines are ideal for large production quantities, but a smaller-scale laser engraving operation might prefer an entry-level laser engraving machine. These laser marking machines are compact and lightweight and could be better suited for smaller workspaces.
• Materials: Softer materials that could burn or splinter demand laser engraving machines that prevent cracking and reduce fire hazards, like CO2 and UV laser markers. Fiber laser markers are powerful enough for all kinds of metals. You may want a laser engraving machine that offers versatility.

2. A Cooling System

Some laser engraving machines require an effective cooling system to prevent the machine from overheating. During laser engraving, the laser generates heat within the machine, which could damage the machine components if it isn’t treated. Telesis laser markers use air to cool the system.

3. A Ventilation System

Laser engraving machines produce smoke, fumes and airborne debris, especially when engraving plastics. A ventilation or fume exhaust system is essential for protecting yourself, other people and the machine from the particles it produces. A good ventilation system should expel vapors, odors and dust.

4. Laser Software

Laser software is an essential component of laser engraving machines — it enables more complex patterns and streamlines the production process for system operators. Look for laser software that integrates with other manufacturing software and is user-friendly. Some software can also prevent costly mistakes by stopping the laser engraving machine if specific protocols are not met.

5. Materials

Finally, gather the materials you will use for your projects. It may take trial and error to determine the correct machine settings for each material.

Take a Look at Our Laser Marking and Engraving Machines

Our easy to use laser engraver machines are powerful pieces of equipment that can produce various cuts on a wide range of materials. Whether you’re in the automotive or medical device manufacturing industries or work out of your workshop, laser engraving makes the permanent marks you need to create, track and identify your products.

At Telesis Technologies, Inc., we manufacture state-of-the-art industrial laser marking systems that set the bar for efficiency and ruggedness. We are a one-stop shop for all your product marking needs, from laser software to custom machine design. Our team strives to provide expert service so you can focus on your operation’s core tasks.

In the modern realms of manufacturing and design, the rise of laser technology has opened new possibilities for creators and manufacturers. This article, we will thoroughly compare difference between laser cutting and laser engraving, analyzing their respective characteristics and applicable scenarios. Whether you are pursuing precision cutting or seeking deep engraving, by contrasting the advantages of these two, we aim to assist you in making informed decisions and harnessing the full potential of laser technology in your projects.

Laser cutting machines and laser engraving machines both utilize laser energy to melt materials and shape them into desired forms. While their functions are similar and are often confused, they have distinct differences. The main distinctions of the laser cutting vs laser engraving include:

Difference Between Laser Cutting & Laser Engraving

Working Principles:

– Laser cutting utilizes a high-energy density laser beam to locally evaporate, melt, or oxidize materials. By controlling the position and movement speed of the laser beam, cutting of the material is achieved. The device achieves its purpose by using laser-induced high-temperature melting for a thorough cut. The temperature at the focus of laser cutting is very high, and the beam transforms the material, causing it to melt, oxidize, or vaporize, forming a cut line. The cut surface is typically relatively smooth along the vertical cutting edge.

– Laser engraving, on the other hand, utilizes the high-energy density of a laser beam to create small oxidation, scorching, or vaporization effects on the material’s surface, achieving the engraving of patterns, text, and more. The device achieves its purpose by using laser-induced high-temperature melting for engraving without cutting through. Laser engraving presents fine and precise markings with richer patterns and textures. The depth and width of the engraving can be adjusted based on laser parameters.

Power Difference:

The laser engraving machine typically has a smaller power, ranging from a few hundred to around one thousand watts. In contrast, the laser cutting machine has a much larger power range, with lower-power laser cutting machines starting at W and larger ones reaching tens of thousands of watts, suitable for cutting thick metals.

Cutting Depth:

The main difference between engraving and cutting lies in the depth. Laser cutting machines can be configured to achieve the desired depth for engraving or cutting.

Laser engraving machines can also be used to cut relatively thin workpiece. The engraving depth for metals is typically around 0.020 inches, and the cutting depth depends on the material hardness and the rated power of the laser marking machine. However, due to the smaller power of laser engraving machines, they may not achieve effective cutting for thicker work pieces.

Design File Formats:

Laser cutting machines use vector design files, while engraving machines use both vector and raster design files.

Vector design formats are suitable for laser processing that requires fine lines. It involves using the laser beam to trace the straight lines and curves of the design vectors individually. Vector design files can be in formats such as EPS, AI, or CDR.

Raster design formats are suitable for laser processing materials like wood, stamps, and paper. It involves constructing the design from pixels and engraving it line by line or point by point. Raster files are in JPG or PNG formats.

Price:

The price of laser cutting machines varies widely due to differences in lasers and accessories, ranging from tens of thousands to several hundred thousand. In contrast, laser engraving machines with lower power are much cheaper compared to laser cutting machines.

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Size and Application:

Laser Cutting vs Laser Engraving for Metal

Application for Different Materials:

In general, laser cutting machines have higher power, often equipped with CO2 and fiber laser sources, allowing them to process a wider range of materials.

Fiber laser cutting machine is suitable for thicker materials, including metals, alloys, plastics, and organic glass. It is particularly well-suited for precise and rapid cutting of metal materials.

Metal materials include stainless steel, aluminum, copper, iron, etc. Non-metal materials include PVC, acrylic, density board, wood, etc. Materials that can be processed by laser cutting include metals, acrylic, density board, wood, etc. In comparison, laser engraving machines can handle thinner portions of metals, alloys, acrylic, density board, wood, KT board, and similar materials.

Difference between Laser Engraver and Laser Cutter

Laser Cutting:

Purpose:

Primarily used for precise shaping and cutting through metal materials to create accurate components.

Process:

The laser beam is focused on the metal surface, and under the high-temperature action of the laser, the metal evaporates or melts, achieving precise and clear cutting along a predetermined path.

Applications:

Widely used in manufacturing, automotive, aerospace, and metal fabrication industries for producing complex metal components, parts, and prototypes. Applicable to various materials, including metals, plastics, wood, etc.

Laser Engraving:

Purpose:

Generally used for non-metal materials such as wood, leather, paper products, and plastics. It can also engrave some metal surfaces with suitable coatings.

Fine Engraving:

Laser engraving can achieve very detailed engraving effects, suitable for applications with high requirements for patterns, text, etc.

Flexibility:

Different effects can be achieved by adjusting the laser’s intensity and engraving depth, providing high flexibility.

Non-contact:

Similar to laser cutting, laser engraving is a non-contact processing method that does not damage the surface of the workpiece.

Applicable to Various Materials:

Laser engraving can be used for various materials, including wood, plastics, glass, etc.

Material Removal: Laser cutting forms shapes by cutting through the material, while laser engraving forms markings by removing surface material.

Purpose: Cutting is used for manufacturing components, while engraving is used for decoration and identification.

Depth: Cutting is typically deeper, while engraving is surface treatment.

Applications: Laser cutting is primarily applied to achieve functional parts, while laser engraving focuses more on aesthetics and identification. In the case of metal materials, laser cutting is commonly used in the manufacturing sector, while laser engraving is more suitable for identification and decoration purposes.

Laser Cutting vs Laser Engraving for Woodworking

Using CNC laser cutting and engraving on wood depends on factors such as the type of wood, hardness, and other parameters like humidity or texture. The more uniform the color and texture of the wood, the better and more uniform the laser engraving effect.

During laser cutting, the laser beam passes through the wood, rapidly evaporating excess debris to ensure clear and clean cutting edges. CNC laser cutting is well-suited for woodcraft projects requiring high precision and detail, such as puzzles, decorations, or architectural models.

For laser engraving, consistent engraving can produce patterns with specific depths, resulting in subtle transitions and gradient colors. By adjusting the engraving depth, different levels of engraving effects can be achieved, ranging from shallow to deep, meeting various design requirements. Deep engraving is often used in the creation of wooden artworks, signs, or personalized gifts.

Adjusting the intensity and engraving depth of the laser can yield different effects, making the engraving process more flexible. This allows for the creation of more three-dimensional and rich effects on the wood surface. Additionally, by controlling the laser’s movement path and intensity, different depths and details of engraving can be achieved to meet specific design needs.

Can I Use Laser Cutting Machine for Engraving?

Yes, laser cutter are generally capable of engraving. Laser cutting machines use a high-energy laser beam to cut or vaporize materials, and this technology can create patterns, text, or designs on different types of materials. In some cases, by adjusting parameters, using appropriate lenses, and adjusting focus, simple engraving effects can be achieved.

Laser cutting system are primarily designed for cutting materials rather than engraving. Laser engraving machines are specialized for creating patterns, text, or designs on the surface of materials. For dedicated engraving tasks, it is usually recommended to use a laser engraving machine specifically designed for that purpose.

Application Areas:

Laser cutting has a wide range of applications, including but not limited to the metal industry, automotive manufacturing, electronics manufacturing, aerospace, and more. In these fields, laser cutting can be used to cut metal plates, tubes, parts, etc., with the advantages of high precision, speed and low cost. Laser cutting is usually faster than laser engraving.

Laser engraving also has a wide range of applications and is mainly used in the fields of art, handicrafts, gifts, signs, and decorative materials and so on. In these fields, laser engraving can be used to produce various patterns, text, images, etc., with the advantages of high precision, good effect, fast speed and so on. In addition, laser engraving can also be used in the fields of container printing, leather texture processing, wood product engraving, etc., which can improve production efficiency and reduce costs.

Advantages & Disadvantages: Laser Cutting vs Laser Engraving

Laser Types for Laser Cutting and Engraving

The choice of laser source for laser cutter and laser engraver primarily depends on the application requirements and the nature of the processed materials.

Laser Cutting:

CO2 Laser: CO2 lasers are the most common type for laser cutting, suitable for most non-metal materials such as wood, plastics, paper, and fabrics. They operate in the infrared region with a typical wavelength of 10.6 micrometers.

Fiber Laser: In the field of metal cutting, fiber lasers excel. They are primarily used for cutting metals such as carbon steel, stainless steel, aluminum, and copper. Fiber lasers have a high photoelectric conversion efficiency, making them suitable for high-precision and rapid cutting of metals.

Laser Engraving:

CO2 Laser: Similar to laser cutting, CO2 lasers are widely used for laser engraving. They are suitable for various non-metal materials, including wood, leather, fabrics, and plastics.

Fiber Laser: In some cases, fiber lasers can also be used for laser engraving, especially when there are specific requirements for metal engraving.

UV Laser: For certain special materials such as some plastics and transparent materials, UV lasers may be more suitable, with typically shorter operating wavelengths.

Whether you need to cut thick materials like wood or engrave glass, laser technology can meet your requirements. With DPLASER laser cutting and laser engraving systems, you can enhance the efficiency and quality of your manufacturing production. As technology continues to advance and applications expand, laser processing technology is poised for broader prospects of development.

Are you interested in learning more about Non-metal laser engraving and cutting machine(ms,zu,pt)(ms,zu,pt)? Contact us today to secure an expert consultation!