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This driver supports Huawei UPS series, online (double conversion) UPS with the following characteristics.

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1. Output power: 1 kVA to 3 kVA (higher power models are unsupported).

2. Connection: USB or RS-232 (for most UPS models, USB is only supported on Linux 5.12 and newer kernels, but there are exceptions, read the section Cabling carefully).

The UPS series has two variants: UPS-A with a tower chassis, and UPS-G with a rack-mount chassis. Within these two variants, there are also two sub-variants: a standard runtime model powered by an internal battery pack denoted by an "S" suffix, and a long runtime model powered by an external battery pack denoted by an "L" suffix.

All of these models should be equally supported, but more testers are needed. Currently, it has been tested on the following models.

• UPS-A-1KTTS (firmware: UPSA, V2R1C1SPC40, P1.0-D1.0)

• UPS-A-1KTTS (firmware: UPSA, V2R1C1SPC50, P1.0-D1.0)

• UPS-A-2KTTS (firmware: UPSA, V2R1C1SPC50, P1.0-D1.0)

• UPS-G-1KRTS (firmware: UPSA, V2R1C1SPC40, P1.0-D1.0)

• UPS-G-1KRTS (firmware: UPSG, V2R1C1SPC50, P1.0-D1.0)

• UPS-G-3KRTS (firmware: UPSA, V2R1C1SPC40, P1.0-D1.0)

• UPS-G-3KRTS (firmware: UPSG, V2R1C1SPC50, P1.0-D1.0)

• UPS-G-3KRTL (firmware: UPSA, V2R1C1SPC40, P1.0-D1.0)

If your model is not in the list, we encourage you to report successful or unsuccessful results to the bug tracker or the mailing list. Make sure to include the full model number of your UPS manually in your report, because many units only report themselves as "UPS-A" regardless of their models, including the G series.

As of , there is also a new hardware variant with a WCH CH341 USB-to-serial chip instead of a MaxLinear/Exar RX21V chip and reports itself as "UPSG". Driver support has been added since v0.03.

huawei-ups uses the libmodbus project, for Modbus implementation.

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The UPS has a USB port and a RS-232 port. Both are supported, but on most UPS models, USB is only usable on Linux 5.12 and later, via the xr_serial kernel module. But for the newer hardware variant with a WCH CH341 chip, it should have better compatibility via the ch341 kernel module. See subsection USB for details. On the other hand, RS-232 is always supported on all operating systems.

Only one port can be used at a time. When USB is used, RS-232 should be unplugged from the UPS, and vice versa. Further, optional adapter cards, such as RS-485 or SNMP, are not supported. They should be removed from the UPS.

Because the UPS port can be unresponsive under certain circumstances, it’s recommended to power cycle your UPS after making a cabling change, especially after changing the port type. That is, turn off the UPS power output via the front panel, then unplug the UPS from line power input. Wait for the LCD screen to go black. Finally reconnect line power and restart your UPS.

USB

The USB port on the UPS is originally powered by a MaxLinear/Exar RX21V USB-to-serial converter chip, it’s only supported by Linux 5.12 or newer, via the xr_serial kernel module. Its lsusb report is:

04e2: Exar Corp. XR21V USB-UART IC

However, a recent hardware variant switched to the WCH CH341 serial chip:

1a86: QinHeng Electronics CH341 in serial mode, usb to serial port converter

If your unit has a WCH CH341 chip (likely only found in units made after ), when the UPS is connected via USB, you should see the following logs in dmesg.

ch341 2-1.2:1.0: ch341-uart converter detected
usb 2-1.2: ch341-uart converter now attached to ttyUSB0

If so, you should be able to proceed without worrying about kernel compatibility. This CH341 chip has been around for a decade and should be compatible with your system.

On the other hand, if your unit has a MaxLinear/Exar XR21V chip, like most users do, when the UPS is connected via USB to a supported Linux system, you should see the following logs in dmesg.

xr_serial 1-1.2:1.1: xr_serial converter detected
usb 1-1.2: xr_serial converter now attached to ttyUSB0

The driver must be xr_serial. If your system doesn’t have the necessary device driver, you will get this message instead:

cdc_acm 1-1.2:1.0: ttyACM0: USB ACM device

The generic driver cdc_acm is incompatible and cannot be used. You should upgrade your Linux kernel to Linux 5.12 or newer.

If you’re already running on Linux 5.12 or newer kernels, but still cannot see the xr_serial driver, it means the driver is not enabled in your kernel build. If you’re a regular user, you should file a bug report to your Linux distro maintainers and ask them to enable xr_serial (kernel option CONFIG_USB_SERIAL_XR).

When upgrading the Linux kernel isn’t an option, or when you are using another operating system (e.g. FreeBSD), RS-232 must be used. Even for CH341 users, one can try this option if USB somehow refuses to work.

This driver may be not built by default. You can build it by installing libmodbus (with development packages) and running

configure --with-serial=yes --with-modbus=yes

You also need to give proper (R/W) permissions on the local serial device file to allow the NUT driver run-time user to access it. This may need additional setup for start-up scripting, udev or upower rules, to apply the rights on every boot — especially if your device nodes are tracked by a virtual filesystem.

For example, a USB-to-serial converter can be identified as /dev/ttyACM0 or /dev/ttyUSB0 on Linux, or /dev/ttyU0 on FreeBSD (note the capital "U"). A built-in serial port can be identified as /dev/ttyS0 on Linux or one of /dev/cua* names on FreeBSD.

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